2022考研英语一阅读内部学员测试题·题目

一级结构：Cloze Test

一级结构说明：请选出正确答案（共20题，每题2分）

材料：

第1段：It’s no surprise stress and anxiety are often viewed in a negative light, but one psychologist suggests they’re not always bad for us—(1), a little bit of both can help build mental resilience.

第2段：Lisa Damour, a private-practice psychologist and author, said many of us “now feel stressed about being stressed and anxious about being anxious”—(2) that we need to be more careful not to forget that these experiences can sometimes be (3) to our lives.

第3段：Speaking at the annual convention of the American Psychological Association, Damour explained how stress often occurs when people operate at the (4) of their abilities—when they (5) themselves or are forced by circumstances to (6) beyond their familiar limits. This can result (7) both bad and good events, she said. For instance, being fired is (8), but so is bringing a baby home for the first time. She described (9) stress is something certain to happen in daily life and that moderate levels of stress “can have a preventive function”, which can (10) to “higher than average resilience” when we face (11) difficulties.

第4段：(12), anxiety gets an unnecessarily bad rap, she said: “Anxiety is an internal alarm system, likely handed down by (13), that (14) us to threats both external, such as a driver changing direction suddenly in a nearby lane, and (15), such as when we’ve kept delaying something that must be done for too long and it’s time to get (16) on a task.”

第5段：Viewing anxiety (17) sometimes helpful or even (18) allows people to make good use of it, suggests Damour. For example, she often tells the teenagers she works with in her practice to pay (19) if they start to feel (20) at a party because their nerves may be alerting them to a problem.

题干：1.[单选题] 选项： A. in consequence  B. in addition  C. in fact  D. in particular

题干：2.[单选题] 选项： A. or  B. but  C. so  D. since

题干：3.[单选题] 选项： A. beneficial  B. overwhelming  C. detrimental  D. inevitable

题干：4.[单选题] 选项： A. end  B. core  C. edge  D. expense

题干：5.[单选题] 选项： A. distance  B. push  C. assemble  D. defend

题干：6.[单选题] 选项： A. stretch  B. recede  C. lie  D. protest

题干：7.[单选题] 选项： A. in  B. of  C. from  D. for

题干：8.[单选题] 选项： A. suspicious  B. stressful  C. offensive  D. compelling

题干：9.[单选题] 选项： A. where  B. when  C. how  D. whether

题干：10.[单选题] 选项： A. restrict  B. stick  C. lead  D. adapt

题干：11.[单选题] 选项： A. A. physical  B. fresh  C. emotional  D. similar

题干：12.[单选题] 选项： A. However  B. Besides  C. Moreover  D. Otherwise

题干：13.[单选题] 选项： A. innovation  B. convention  C. revolution  D. evolution

题干：14.[单选题] 选项： A. treats  B. ties  C. exposes  D. alerts

题干：15.[单选题] 选项： A. mental  B. subconscious  C. potential  D. internal

题干：16.[单选题] 选项： A. started  B. continued  C. ceased  D. failed

题干：17.[单选题] 选项： A. as  B. through  C. towards  D. by

题干：18.[单选题] 选项： A. prospective  B. protective  C. conservative  D. sufficient题干：19.[单选题] 选项： A. credit  B. tribute  C. effort  D. attention

题干：20.[单选题] 选项： A. sick  B. bored  C. angry  D. anxious

一级结构：Reading Comprehension

一级结构说明：请选出正确答案（共10题，每题6分）

材料：Text 1

第1段：“Sooner or later,” warned Alexis de Tocqueville in 1835, judicial elections “will have dire results”. One day, he continued, “it will be perceived that by so diminishing the independence of the magistrates, not only has judicial power been attacked, but the democratic republic itself”. His warning was not noticed: most states elect judges to at least some courts.

第2段：Today’s opponents of judicial elections cite two main fears. The first is that judges may rule more favourably to those who contributed to their campaigns. Aware of such concerns, in 2015 Chief Justice John Roberts joined the Supreme Court’s liberals to uphold a state ban on judges personally calling for campaign donations. “Judges are not politicians,” wrote Mr Roberts, “even when they come to the bench by way of the ballot … A state may assure its people that judges will apply the law without fear or favour—and without having personally asked anyone for money.”

第3段：The second worry is that judges will impose harsher sentences to butter voters up: “Hang ‘em high!” is a catchier campaign slogan than “Impartially apply the law to each case even when doing so produces unpopular results.” Several studies have shown that judges tend to impose more punitive sentences when facing re-election, but those studies have come from just three states. The authors added evidence from eight more.

第4段：In four of the 11 states where there is solid evidence, then, judges tend to sentence defendants convicted of serious crimes more harshly shortly before they file for reelection than they do at the beginning of their terms. A new working paper by Christian Dippel of UCLA Anserson and Michael Poyker of Columbia Business School measures this. The authors focused on serious crimes such as murder, rape and assault “because these are more visible to voters”. People tend to prefer judges who protect society from killers to those who protect it from jaywalkers.

第5段：The authors hypothesise that the more competitive state judicial elections are, the more likely judges are to impose harsher sentences. In states with uncompetitive judicial elections, by contrast, “judgeships appear to be viewed as positions that should be obtained by appointment, never mind the electoral rules,” and judges apply the law more consistently.

第6段：Unfortunately, judicial elections are only growing more competitive. In the 2015-16 election cycle, Pennsylvania set a national record for money spent in state supreme-court elections—$21.4m for three seats, most of which the candidates raised themselves. That is good news for political consultants and campaign measures, but not for justice.

题干：21. [单选题] The word “dire” (Para. 1) is closest in meaning to ______.

选项：A. serious

B. identical

C. legitimate

D. accumulative

题干：22. [单选题] In 2015, John Roberts joined the Supreme Courts’ liberals to defend against ______.

选项：A. contributors’ favorable rules

B. campaigns favorable to judges

C. states’ banning on judges’ private donations

D. judges personally raising money for the campaign

题干：23. [单选题] By citing the two contrastive slogans in Paragraph 3, the author intends to show that judges will _____.

选项：A. pass heavier sentences to please voters

B. make more people guilty to build authority

C. apply the law impartially to gain voters’ support

D. impose harsher sentences to avoid voters’ influence

题干：24. [单选题] According to the authors’ hypothesis in Paragraph 5, the harshness of the sentence will be mostly relevant to ______.

选项：A. the rules of states’ judicial elections

B. general laws of the states

C. the number of vacant positions

D. competitiveness of judicial elections

题干：25. [单选题] The author’s attitude toward the prospect of judicial justice can be described as ______.

选项：A. puzzled 

B. pessimistic

C. contemptuous

D. Hopeful

材料：Text 2

第1段：[A] Popular interest in the cathedral blossomed soon after the publication, in 1831, of Victor Hugo’s novel Notre-Dame de Paris (better known in English as The Hunchback of Notre-Dame). This led to a major restoration project between 1844 and 1864, supervised by Eugène Viollet-le-Duc. The liberation of Paris was celebrated within Notre-Dame in 1944 with the singing of the Magnificat. Beginning in 1963, the cathedral’s façade was cleaned of centuries of soot and grime. Another cleaning and restoration project was carried out between 1991 and 2000.

第2段：[B] The cathedral’s construction was begun in 1160 under Bishop Maurice de Sully and was largely complete by 1260, though it was modified frequently in the following centuries. In the 1790s, Notre-Dame suffered desecration during the French Revolution; much of its religious imagery was damaged or destroyed. In the 19th century, the cathedral was the site of the coronation of Napoleon I and funerals of many Presidents of the Republic.

第3段：[C] Notre-Dame de Paris, meaning “Our Lady of Paris”, referred to simply as Notre-Dame, is a medieval Catholic cathedral on the Île de la Cité in the 4th arrondissement of Paris. The cathedral is consecrated to the Virgin Mary and considered to be one of the finest examples of French Gothic architecture.

第4段：[D] On the evening of 15 April 2019, the roof of Notre-Dame caught fire. Burning for around 15 hours, the cathedral sustained serious damage, including the destruction of the flèche (the timber spire over the crossing) and most of the lead-covered wooden roof above the stone vaulted ceiling. Contamination of the site and the nearby environment resulted.

第5段：[E] The cathedral is one of the most widely recognized symbols of the city of Paris and the French nation. As the cathedral of the Archdiocese of Paris, Notre-Dame contains the cathedra of the Archbishop of Paris (Michel Aupetit). In 1805, Notre-Dame was given the honorary status of a minor basilica. Approximately 12 million people visit Notre-Dame annually, making it the most visited monument in Paris. The cathedral is renowned for its Lent sermons founded by the famous Dominican Jean-Baptiste Henri Lacordaire in the 1860s.  

第6段：[F] Immediately after the fire, President Macron promised that Notre-Dame would be restored, and called for the work to be completed within five years. A new law was immediately drafted to make Notre Dame exempt from existing heritage laws and procedures, which prompted an open letter to President Macron signed by over 1,170 heritage experts urging respect for existing regulations. The law, which passed on May 11, 2019, was hotly debated in the French National Assembly, with opponents accusing Macron’s administration of using Notre-Dame self-servingly for political grandstanding, and defenders arguing the need for expediency and tax breaks to encourage philanthropic giving.

第7段：[G] Despite the 1990s renovation, the cathedral had continued to show signs of deterioration that prompted the national government to propose a new renovation program in the late 2010s. The entire renovation was estimated to cost €100 million, which the Archbishop of Paris planned to raise through funds from the national government and private donations. €6 million renovation of the cathedral’s spire began in late 2018 and continued into the following year.

题干：26. [单选题] ______.

选项：A.已有此项

B. The cathedral’s construction was begun in 1160 under Bishop Maurice de Sully… 

C. Notre-Dame de Paris, meaning “Our Lady of Paris”, referred to simply as Notre-Dame…

D. 已有此项

E. The cathedral is one of the most widely recognized symbols of the city of…

F. Immediately after the fire, President Macron promised that Notre-Dame… 

G. Despite the 1990s renovation, the cathedral had continued to show signs of…

题干：27. [单选题] ______.

选项：A.已有此项

B. The cathedral’s construction was begun in 1160 under Bishop Maurice de Sully… 

C. Notre-Dame de Paris, meaning “Our Lady of Paris”, referred to simply as Notre-Dame…

D. 已有此项

E. The cathedral is one of the most widely recognized symbols of the city of…

F. Immediately after the fire, President Macron promised that Notre-Dame… 

G. Despite the 1990s renovation, the cathedral had continued to show signs of…

题干：28. [单选题] ______.

选项：A.已有此项

B. The cathedral’s construction was begun in 1160 under Bishop Maurice de Sully… 

C. Notre-Dame de Paris, meaning “Our Lady of Paris”, referred to simply as Notre-Dame…

D. 已有此项

E. The cathedral is one of the most widely recognized symbols of the city of…

F. Immediately after the fire, President Macron promised that Notre-Dame… 

G. Despite the 1990s renovation, the cathedral had continued to show signs of…

题干：29. [单选题] ______.

选项：A.已有此项

B. The cathedral’s construction was begun in 1160 under Bishop Maurice de Sully… 

C. Notre-Dame de Paris, meaning “Our Lady of Paris”, referred to simply as Notre-Dame…

D. 已有此项

E. The cathedral is one of the most widely recognized symbols of the city of…

F. Immediately after the fire, President Macron promised that Notre-Dame… 

G. Despite the 1990s renovation, the cathedral had continued to show signs of…

题干：30. [单选题] ______.

选项：A.已有此项

B. The cathedral’s construction was begun in 1160 under Bishop Maurice de Sully… 

C. Notre-Dame de Paris, meaning “Our Lady of Paris”, referred to simply as Notre-Dame…

D. 已有此项

E. The cathedral is one of the most widely recognized symbols of the city of…

F. Immediately after the fire, President Macron promised that Notre-Dame… 

G. Despite the 1990s renovation, the cathedral had continued to show signs of…###