英语测试·题目
一级结构:Cloze Test
一级结构说明:请选出正确答案(共20题,每题2分)
材料:
第1段:If you’ve skipped lunch, avoid making big decisions at all costs. Making decisions on a(n) (1) stomach can lead to questionable choices, new research suggests—and the effects (2) way beyond our food selections. Most of us know that (3) to the supermarket with an empty stomach can mean leaving with an (4) trolly of unhealthy treats, but the study from Dundee University found “hunger fog” can also (5) us thinking clearly when it comes to big life (6). Participants in an experiment were asked questions relating to food, money and other rewards when feeling full and again when they had (7) a meal.
第2段:The study found that (8) significantly altered people’s decision-making, making them impatient and more likely to settle for a (9) reward that arrived sooner, rather than a larger one promised at a later date.
第3段:While it was perhaps unsurprising that hungry people were more likely to settle for smaller food (10) that arrived (11), the researchers found that being hungry actually
(12) preferences (13) rewards entirely unrelated to food.
第4段:“People generally know that when they are hungry, they shouldn’t really go food shopping (14) they are more likely to make choices that are either unhealthy or indulgent. Our research suggests this could have an impact on other kinds of (15) as well,” said study lead Dr Benjamin Vincent. “Say you were going to speak with a pension or mortgage advisor—doing so (16) hungry might make you (17) a bit more about immediate satisfaction at the expense of a potentially more rosy future.”
第5段:The researchers noted that if you (18) people a reward now or double that reward in the future, they were normally (19) to wait 35 days to double the reward, but when hungry this fell (20) only three days.
第6段:It seems the makers of Snickers really are on to something: “You’re just not you when you’re hungry.”##
题干:1.[单选题] 选项: A. sick B. upset C. empty D. full
题干:2.[单选题] 选项: A. propel B. move C. extend D. venture
题干:3.[单选题] 选项: A. yielding B. heading C. applying D. leading
题干:4.[单选题] 选项: A. alternative B. remaining C. overflowing D. accessible
题干:5.[单选题] 选项: A. reverse B. influence C. prevent D. justify
题干:6.[单选题] 选项: A. benefits B. signs C. limits D. choices
题干:7.[单选题] 选项:A. made B. won C. ordered D. skipped
题干:8.[单选题] 选项: A. hunger B. status C. food D. atmosphere
题干:9.[单选题] 选项: A. expected B. small C. appropriate D. infinite
题干:10.[单选题] 选项: A. materials B. strikes C. incentives D. recipes
题干:11.[单选题] 选项: A. sooner B. routinely C. inevitably D. later
题干:12.[单选题] 选项: A. indicates B. gives C. determines D. changes
题干:13.[单选题] 选项: A. in B. for C. over D. by
题干:14.[单选题] 选项: A. because B. unless C. though D. if
题干:15.[单选题] 选项: A. decisions B. behaviors C. wishes D. issues
题干:16.[单选题] 选项: A. until B. since C. before D. while
题干:17.[单选题] 选项: A. speculate B. worry C. dream D. care
题干:18.[单选题] 选项: A. cultivate B. offer C. certify D. confirm
题干:19.[单选题] 选项: A. willing B. awkward C. considerate D. hesitant
题干:20.[单选题] 选项: A. through B. to C. with D. off
一级结构:Reading Comprehension
一级结构说明:请选出正确答案(共10题,每题6分)##
材料:Text 1
第1段:Few ideas have enthused technologists as much as the self-driving car. Advances in machine learning, a subfield of AI, would enable cars to teach themselves to drive by drawing on reams of data from the real world. Best of all, reflexes operating at the speed of electronics would drastically improve safety. Car- and tech-industry bosses talked of a world of “zero crashes”.
第2段:And the technology was just around the corner. In 2015 Elon Musk, Tesla’s boss predicted his cars would be capable of “complete autonomy” by 2017. Mr Musk is famous for missing his own deadlines. But he is not alone. General Motors said in 2018 that it would launch a fleet of cars without steering wheels or pedals in 2019; in June it changed its mind.
第3段:Jim Hackett, the boss of Ford, acknowledges that the industry “overestimated the arrival of autonomous vehicles”. A string of fatalities involving self-driving cars have put down the idea that a zero-crash world is anywhere close. Partly that reflects the tech industry’s preference for grandiose promises. But self-driving cars were also meant to be a flagship for the power of AI. Their struggles offer valuable lessons in the limits of the world’s trendiest technology.
第4段:One is that, for all the advances in machine learning, machines are still not very good at learning. Most humans need a few dozen hours to master driving. Once humans have learned to drive, they can, with a little effort, apply that knowledge anywhere, rapidly learning to adapt their skills to rush-hour Bangkok or a gravel-track in rural Greece. Computers are less flexible. AI researchers have expended much energy searching for techniques to help them match the quick-fire learning displayed by humans. So far, they have not succeeded.
第5段:Another lesson is that machine-learning systems are fragile. Learning solely from existing data means they struggle with situations that they have never seen before. Autonomous-car researchers call these unusual situations “edge cases”. Driving is full of them. Mishandled edge cases seem to have been a factor in at least some of the deaths caused by autonomous cars to date.
第6段:The most general point is that what is currently called “AI” is both powerful and limited. Recent progress in machine learning has been transformative. At the same time, the eventual goal—the creation in a machine of a fluid, general, human-like intelligence—remains distant. People need to separate the justified excitement from the opportunistic hyperbole. Few doubt that a completely autonomous car is possible in principle. But the consensus is, increasingly, that it is not imminent. Anyone counting on AI for business or pleasure could do worse than remember that cautionary tale.
##
题干:21. [单选题] We can know from Paragraph 2 that Elon Musk .
选项:A. failed to realize complete autonomy in vehicle production
B. missed the deadline to launch a new type of electric vehicles
C. made Tesla lose its credits for always putting off deadlines
D. broke his promise of carrying out fully automatic cars by 2017
题干:22. [单选题] The word “grandiose” (Para. 3) is closest in meaning to .
选项:A. practical
B. sincere
C. exaggerated
D. ambiguous
题干:23. [单选题] According to Paragraph 4, machines fall behind humans in .
选项:A. the flexibility of knowledge use
B. the speed of data processing
C. the diversity of thinking patterns
D. the amount of knowledge reserve
题干:24. [单选题] Machine-learning systems are fragile in .
选项:A. analyzing existing data
B. identifying edge cases
C. adjusting driving patterns
D. handling unusual situations
题干:25. [单选题] According to Paragraph 6, the public may increasingly agree that .
选项:A. fully autonomous cars are around the corner
B. it takes time to realize fully autonomous cars
C. it’s easy to develop human-like intelligence
D. there exist few profits in the business of AI
材料:Text 2
Five Ways to Tame Your Fear of Public Speaking
第1段:In high school, I was so afraid of being called on to speak that I would sit in the back of the classroom. In college, I was dreaded taking the mandatory public speaking course. In my early business career, I never wanted to respond to questions in staff meetings and was terrified of having to make presentations. Now as a certified professional career coach, public speaking has become key in establishing myself as a thought leader. So, how did I go from cowering in the back of a classroom to most recently presenting in a theater that seats more than 2,500 people? Here are some tips concluded from my experience:
26.___________________
第2段:People are not there to see you fail. They didn’t take a front-row seat to see you shake and stammer. Rather, they recognize you as someone they can learn from, someone who can offer a solution to their own challenge. So, understand their motivation for listening and focus on the gift you can give them.
第3段:The key to my success is that I shifted my internal self-talk from “me as public speaking victim” to “me as a knowledgeable expert with a solution to my audience’s problem.” Be your own biggest fan and supporter.
27.___________________
第4段:You can quell the pre-show fear by walking the stage before anyone even arrives, getting a feel for the room and where the audience will be. This applies to meeting rooms, conference halls and auditoriums, too. Get comfortable with the venue so it won’t be a stranger place for you. That way, when the lights go up and the microphone is on, you’ll feel right at home.
28.___________________
第5段:Calm your fears by rehearsing your opening line to perfection and use it to engage your audience. Once you have made the connection, the dividing line between speaker and audience becomes invisible and you are one. You’ll hear yourself speak, know your voice didn’t quiver, from that moment on, the presentation is going to go great.
29.___________________
第6段:I have always gotten a kick out of going to the kids’ section of Barnes & Noble to hear children’s book authors tell stories to the young folks gathered around them. It’s a lesson in how to capture the imagination.
第7段:As an author of several books, I’ve learned and applied much about the power of stories to my own work. Telling stories in a presentation gives you the opportunity to inspire and relate with your audience by sharing how you’ve faced similar challenges and how you overcame them.
30.___________________
第8段: You can’t learn to swim by sitting under a beach umbrella with your feet in the sand reading every book on the art of the breaststroke. You learn by jumping in. And, the more you do, the more you learn how capable you actually are of accomplishing those very things you fear the most.
第9段: I overcame my fear of presenting by taking a comedy course at the American Comedy Institute. On the other side of facing your fears is knowing for the first time that incredibly powerful feeling of “I did it.” That overflowing confidence will then spread into every new challenge you undertake.
6. [单选题] ______.
选项:A. Understand your audience’s motivation
B. Be a storyteller
C. Prepare for feeling at home
D. Jump in
E. Be an expert
F. Nail your opening line
G. Take a comedy course
题干:27. [单选题] ______.
选项:A. Understand your audience’s motivation
B. Be a storyteller
C. Prepare for feeling at home
D. Jump in
E. Be an expert
F. Nail your opening line
G. Take a comedy course
题干:28. [单选题] ______.
选项:A. Understand your audience’s motivation
B. Be a storyteller
C. Prepare for feeling at home
D. Jump in
E. Be an expert
F. Nail your opening line
G. Take a comedy course
题干:29. [单选题] ______.
选项:A. Understand your audience’s motivation
B. Be a storyteller
C. Prepare for feeling at home
D. Jump in
E. Be an expert
F. Nail your opening line
G. Take a comedy course
题干:30. [单选题] ______.
选项:A. Understand your audience’s motivation
B. Be a storyteller
C. Prepare for feeling at home
D. Jump in
E. Be an expert
F. Nail your opening line
G. Take a comedy course