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　　Tesco is preparing a legal battle to clear its name of involvement in the dairy price-fixing scandal that has cost consumers £270 million. Failure to prove that it had no part in collusion with other supermarkets and dairy processors may land it with a fine of at least £80 million. The Office of Fair Trading (OFT) said yesterday that Asda, Sainsbury’s and the former Safeway, plus the dairy companies Wiseman, Dairy Crest and Cheese Company, had admitted being in a cartel to fix prices for milk, butter and cheese. They were fined a total of just over £116 million as part of a leniency deal offered by the watchdog to companies that owned up quickly to anti-competitive behaviour.

　　Officials at the OFT admitted privately that they did not think they would ever discover which company or individual had initiated the pricing formula. But the watchdog recognises that at the time supermarkets were under pressure from politicians and farmers to raise the cost of milk to save dairy farming, though it is not certain that money found its way to farmers. The OFT claimed in September that it had found evidence that the retail chains had passed future milk prices to dairy companies, which then reached a fixed price among themselves.

　　The average cost to each household is thought to be £11.25 over 2002 and 2003. Prices went up an extra 3p on a pint of milk, 15p on a quarter of a pound of butter and 15p on a half pound of cheese. There is no direct recompense for consumers, however, and the money will go to the Treasury. The National Consumer Council gave warning that the admissions would dent consumer confidence in leading high street names and that people would become sceptical of their claims. Farmers For Action, the group of farmers that has led protests over low milk prices since 2000, is seeking legal advice on whether it can now bring a claim for compensation.

　　The OFT investigation is continuing, however, in relation to Tesco, Morrisons and the dairy group Lactalis McLelland, and any legal action is expected to be delayed until that is completed.

　　Tesco was defiant and said that it was preparing a robust defence of its actions. Lucy Neville-Rolfe, its executive director, said: “As we have always said, we acted independently and we did not collude with anyone. Our position is different from our competitors and we are defending our own case vigorously. Our philosophy is to give a good deal to customers.”

　　Morrisons has supported the OFT in inquiries into the former Safeway business that it took over, but in a statement said that it was still making “strong representations” in its defence. A spokeswoman for Lactalis McLelland said that the company was “co-operating” with the OFT. Industry insiders suggested that the three companies were deliberately stalling the OFT investigation.

　　Sainsbury’s admitted yesterday that it had agreed to pay £26 million in fines, but denied that it had sought to profiteer. Justin King, the chief executive, said he was disappointed that the company had been penalised for actions meant to help farmers but recognised the benefit of a speedy settlement. Asda declined to say how much it would pay in fines and also said that its intention had been to help farmers under severe financial pressure.

　　1. From the first paragraph, we may infer that _____

　　[A] Tesco is the most resolute among all the retailers to defend its reputation.

　　[B] it is already proved that Tesco has colluded with Asda, Wiseman, Dairy Crest and Cheese Company in fixing the dairy price.

　　[C] Tesco is offered a leniency deal of £80 million because of its quick response to the anti-competitive behaviors

　　[D] Tesco is trying its best to prove its innocence of the scandal.

　　2. Who is most probably the initiator of the pricing formula?

　　[A] Retail chains.

　　[B] Farmers.

　　[C] Dairy companies.

　　[D] Politicians

　　3. The word “defiant” (Line 1, Paragraph 5) most probably means _____.

　　[A] resisiting

　　[B] angry

　　[C] deficient

　　[D] confident

　　4. We may infer from Morrisons’ statement that _____

　　[A] Morrisons turn out to be the most defentive when dealing with OFT.

　　[B] Morrisons is reluctant to support the inquiries into the former Safeway business.

　　[C] industry insiders suggest that Morrisons was trying to delay the OFT investigation with non-cooperation.

　　[D] Morrisons indeed refuses to admit its involvement in the scandal.

　　5. The writer’s attitude to Tesco can be said to be _____

　　[A] biased.

　　[B] objective.

　　[C] sympathetic.

　　[D] optimistic.

　　题目分析：

　　1.[答案] D

　　[难度系数] ☆☆

　　[分析] 推理题。第一段主要讲述了Tesco公司已被卷入和其他公司联手划定牛奶价格的丑闻中，目前正在通过法律手段来证明自己与此无关。选项A的表述在文章中并没有明确表述，Tesco 虽然正在诉诸法律手段保卫其名誉，但是否态度最坚决我们无法得知。选项B, 文章中只是说明后几家公司承认其定价行为，但并为说明Tesco与他们联合。选项C，文章指出如果Tesco的丑闻被证实后会被处以的处罚并且是一种宽大措施，但金额应该为£116而不是£80。选项D，Tesco 正在竭力证明自己和传闻无关，这正是第一段论述的内容。

　　2.[答案]B

　　[难度系数] ☆☆☆

　　[分析] 细节题。关于价格形成最初由谁引起，第二段和第三段有相关论述。第二段提到，监察部门发现超市受到政治家和农民的压力要求上调牛奶价格，而OFT发现了零售商将牛奶未来的价格信息传递给了牛奶公司，牛奶公司内部自己确定了价格。第三段又提到牧场主机构和牧场主一直在抗议低廉的牛奶价格。由此可以推断，最有可能引发牛奶价格确定的源头就是牧场主。

　　3.[答案]A

　　[难度系数] ☆☆☆☆

　　[分析] 猜词题。根据其上下文的意思，Tesco 声称正在为自己的行为准备最坚决的辩护，其执行理事的一番话也表现了他们这种强硬的态度，可见他们采取了一种抵抗的态度，选项[A]最为符合。

　　4.[答案] D

　　[难度系数] ☆☆☆

　　[分析] 推理题。要结合上下文来理解Morrisons的意思，Morrisons has supported the OFT in inquiries into the former Safeway business that it took over, but in a statement said that it was still making “strong representations” in its defense. 前后两个分句是转折关系，可以看出Morrisons的态度。虽然他协助OFT对于前Safeway的调查，但是他却声称在辩护中仍要做出抗议。行动上他是一种合作态度，但他还是要竭力维护自己的利益、并且没有任何迹象表明其承认了卷入丑闻的指控，因此选项D最为符合。而其余三个选项都与前面的意思分析相反。

　　5.[答案]B

　　[难度系数] ☆

　　[分析] 态度题。 作者的态度可以通过材料的选择和措辞看出来，作者在文章中列出了Tesco有关方面的事件，但一直没有做出任何的直接评判，也没有通过任何字眼来暗示自己的意思，因此可以认为作者采取了一种比较客观的态度。

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