2.流派
2.1 Confessional School
(1) 解题思路
① 时间：1950s and 1960s
② 特点：暴露自己的黑暗面
反讽等现代技巧
③ 代表作家：罗伯特·洛厄尔 《人生研究》
(2) 答案：
Poets in the 1950s and 1960s who, closing the gap between the poet and the speaker (a gap desired in modernist poetics), intensely explore their dark selves. They seem to share common features such as a ruthless, excruciating (extremely painful) one’s own background and heritage, one’s own most private desires and fantasies etc., and the “I’ll-tell-it-to-you impulse”. Their use of modernist techniques includes irony, collage, verbal finish (careful attention to word choice for the effects of sound or rhythm as well as for meaning), and wide-ranging allusion. Robert Lowell is foremost among these poets. Other noted poets: John Berryman, Sylvia Plath, Anne Sexton. Lowell’s Life Studies gave Confessional poetry a new life and a new level of popularity in the postwar period.
2.2 The New York School
(1)解题思路
① 时间：20世纪50年代
② 创作倾向：回避道德和政治问题
反对占主导的新批评主义价值观, 强调表达个人特点
③ 主题：作品主题通常轻快，激烈，观察入微
④ 风格：幽默、粗俗、伤感 超现实主义色彩
⑤ 代表人物：约翰·阿什贝利等
(2) 答案：
The New York School is an informal group of American poets and painters who were active in New York in the 1950s. Unlike the Beat and San Franciso poets, the poets of the New York School are not interested in overtly moral questions, and, in general, they steer clear political issues. They both vehemently oppose the dominant New Critical values and try to express their artistic characteristics. They also introduce popular, low features of life, such as popular songs, comic strip figures and Hollywood movies into poetry. The themes of their works are usually light, violent, and observational. Their works all show a strong sense of humor, and their works are full of vulgar and sentimental elements. Finally, some of their works have a taint of surrealism. The major figures of the New York School are John Ashbery, Frank O’Hara, and Kenneth Koch.
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