易混点
定语从句和同位语从句
1.定语从句
识别方法
①找结构:“n./n.词组+引导词(which/that/who/prep.+which)”;
②作成分:that/which/who主要作主宾,prep.+which作状语;引导词在从句中都作成分。
翻译
整体原则:顺句翻译。
引导词的处理:
1)翻译:可译为“代词(如:其、它、这)”、这个/些+n.,或重复“先行词”(若定语从句修饰句子主语,引导词可直接不翻,主语后直接接从句谓语)。
2)位置:引导词在从句中作什么成分,翻译时就将其译到什么位置,即作主语译到主语的位置,作宾语译到宾语的位置。
例:
①2015-(50) The virgin forest was a real treasure-house which extended from Maine all the way down to Georgia.
【识别】treasure-house+which,which在定语从句中作主语
【译文1】原始森林是座真正的天然宝库,它从缅因州一路延伸到佐治亚州。
【译文2】原始森林是座真正的天然宝库,这座宝库从缅因州一直绵延到佐治亚州。
② 2020-(48) More relevant explanations were being made at a rate that the people could no longer ignore.
【识别】rate+that,that在定语从句中作宾语
【译文】更多相关的阐释以一种速度涌现,人们再也无法忽视这种速度。
③2018-(47) The drama was a form of literature which gave glory to Greece and Rome and might yet bring honor to England.
【识别】a form of literature+which,which在定语从句中作主语
【译文】戏剧是种文学形式,这种文学形式/它曾给希腊和罗马带来辉煌,或也将为英国带来荣耀。
2.同位语从句
识别方法:抽象名词+that+句子
解读:
①找抽象名词。考研英语中的抽象名词比较有限,往往为:news,idea,fact,message,evidence,assumption,view,word,advice,conclusion,decision,explanation,announcement。
②引导词为that,that不作成分。
③句子是完整的。
翻译
整体原则:顺句翻译。
顺译到先行词后进行断句,引导词译为“即”或“——”,然后顺译从句。
例:
①2020-(47) Many thinkers had sustained more ancient ways of thinking, including the geocentric view that the Earth was at the centre of our universe.
【识别】view+that,句子为the Earth was...
【译文1】许多思想家维持更古老的思维方式,包括地心说,即地球是宇宙的中心。
【译文2】许多思想家维持更古老的思维方式,包括地心说——地球是宇宙的中心。
(注:译为“即”或“——”都可行,句②③同上)
② 2010-(48) Biologists somewhat overworked the evidence that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically weak.
【识别】evidence+that,句子为these creatures preserve...
【译文】生物学家或多或少滥用了一个依据,即这些生物通过杀死体弱者来保持其猎物种群的兴旺。
③ 2011-(46) Allen’s contribution was to take an assumption we all share—that because we are not robots we therefore control our thoughts.
【识别】assumption+that,句子为we are not robots...
【译文】艾伦的贡献在于他分析了我们公认的假设,即因为我们并非机器人,因此能掌控自己的思想。