Changes in Earth Systems. Climate change, sea level rise, and ocean acidification are likely to amplify stresses already felt from population growth. urbanization. inadequate environmental protection, and the use of energy and past natural resources. Although new climate policies could reduce the rate of greenhouse gas emissions over time, past emissions already have locked in a significant rise in global mean temperature which will in turn drive more frequent and intense extreme weather events, such as heatwaves, droughts, and floods. The steady run of record-setting weather and growing frequency of extreme events suggest to many scientists that climate change is hitting harder and sooner than the gradual change often projected. The intensity of the disruptions could vary widely, spawning unpleasant surprises, particularly given that an increasingly significant fraction of the planet's species already are at increased extinction risk.
翻译：地球系统【正在经历】气候变化、海平面上升和海水酸化等变化，【这】使饱受人口增长、城市化扩张、缺乏气候变化防治措施及能源利用不合理等问题困扰的地球压力剧增。【尽管】新的气候政策可以逐渐减少温室气体的排放，【但是】已排出的气体已使全球平均气温显著上升，这会造成极端天气更加频繁地出现，其恶劣程度也将加重，持续的高温天气、干旱和洪水等都是如此。这种不断打破气象纪录的现象让很多科学家明白，气候变化的脚步比以往加快了很多。这种极端变化的影响会非常广泛，成为意外事件滋生的土壤，地球上很多濒临灭绝的生物种类将首当其冲。
原文中 Although new climate policies could reduce the rate of greenhouse....past emissions already have locked in a significant rise in global mean temperature 在英文表达中，根据相应的语法规则，连词只能出现一次，即although,翻译成尽管，但是根据中文表达，尽管一般与但是连用，所以在翻译成中文时，应该补充但是，这样可以让中文读者能更清晰这之间的逻辑关系，使得译文更符合中文表达习惯。
Forecasting changes with greater regional and time precision becomes increasingly uncertain, but the stresses will probably disrupt the most vulnerable or unlucky-populations in countries at all levels of development.
翻译：天气预报的可信度降低，【因为】精确预测天气变得十分困难。这将影响很多对反常天气没有招架之力的人，无论其所在国家发达【程度如何】。
Storm surges, augmented by sea level rise, are likely to threaten many coastal systems and low-lying areas, and this environmental volatility almost certainly will disrupt food production patterns and water availability, fueling broader economic, political and social stresses. Changes in the Arctic will exceed those felt in the middle latitudes, and reductions in summer sea-ice will make the Arctic more accessible than any time in human history.
翻译：【由】海平面上升引起的飓风会威胁很多沿海城市和低洼地区，这种偶发性的环境问题也会影响农作物的生产模式和水资源供应，【从而】产生经济、政治、社会等多方面的负面影响。北极地带的变化比中纬度地区的变化大，夏季时北极海冰消融，人类要到达北极会比之前更容易。
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